Labelist relationship12/24/2023 ![]() The labeling perspective was developed over many years by a number of different social scientists (Becker, 1963 Cohen, 1995 Kitsuse, 1962 Lemert, 1951, 1967 Tannenbaum, 1938). This-the creation of additional deviance and criminality because of the application of a deviant label-is the central proposition of the labeling perspective. In line with symbolic interactionism, labeling theorists state that the reaction of the society, the community, or a social group will affect the rule-breaker in one critical way: A person labeled as a deviant may accept that deviant label by coming to view himself or herself as a deviant (i.e., internalizing the label) and then engaging in further behavior that is both consistent with the label and the way in which the label was applied. As such, labeling theorists argue that a complete picture of crime or deviance cannot be attained by merely examining offenders and their characteristics instead, a complete picture of deviance must also reveal societal reactions to incidents of rule-breaking. 245) wrote that labeling is an intrinsic feature of all human interaction. Labeling theory was the first to address both individual criminality and the impact of social reaction on criminal behaviors. Although consensus criminology was concerned with the etiology of criminality, it did not confront the role of societal reaction on social control in the criminal process. The example of Prohibition highlights a key aspect of crime that had largely been neglected by criminologists: the reaction to criminal behavior. Up to this time point and after Prohibition had ended, individuals who possessed, manufactured, or distributed alcohol were thus deemed “criminal” by a society attempting to right its moral compass. For instance, in the Prohibition era it was illegal to possess, manufacture, or distribute alcohol. It is a fundamental fact that for an action or behavior to be considered a crime, there must be some law in place.
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